diff --git a/www/admin/class_test.array.php b/www/admin/class_test.array.php
index cadf8117..85dbfc0a 100644
--- a/www/admin/class_test.array.php
+++ b/www/admin/class_test.array.php
@@ -115,9 +115,6 @@ print "ARRAYFLATFORKEY: " . DgS::printAr(ArrayHandler::arrayFlatForKey($test_arr
  */
 function rec(string $pre, string $cur, array $node = [])
 {
-	if (!is_array($node)) {
-		$node = [];
-	}
 	print "<div style='color: green;'>#### PRE: " . $pre . ", CUR: " . $cur . ", N-c: "
 		. count($node) . " [" . join('|', array_keys($node)) . "]</div>";
 	if (!$pre) {
diff --git a/www/admin/class_test.db.convert-placeholder.php b/www/admin/class_test.db.convert-placeholder.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8cca56a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/admin/class_test.db.convert-placeholder.php
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+<?php // phpcs:ignore warning
+
+/**
+ * @phan-file-suppress PhanTypeSuspiciousStringExpression
+ */
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+// turn on all error reporting
+error_reporting(E_ALL | E_STRICT | E_ERROR | E_WARNING | E_PARSE | E_COMPILE_ERROR);
+
+ob_start();
+
+// basic class test file
+define('USE_DATABASE', true);
+// sample config
+require 'config.php';
+// define log file id
+$LOG_FILE_ID = 'classTest-db-convert-placeholder';
+ob_end_flush();
+
+use CoreLibs\Debug\Support;
+use CoreLibs\DB\Support\ConvertPlaceholder;
+
+$log = new CoreLibs\Logging\Logging([
+	'log_folder' => BASE . LOG,
+	'log_file_id' => $LOG_FILE_ID,
+	'log_per_date' => true,
+]);
+
+
+$PAGE_NAME = 'TEST CLASS: DB CONVERT PLACEHOLDER';
+print "<!DOCTYPE html>";
+print "<html><head><title>" . $PAGE_NAME . "</title></head>";
+print "<body>";
+print '<div><a href="class_test.php">Class Test Master</a></div>';
+print '<div><h1>' . $PAGE_NAME . '</h1></div>';
+
+print "LOGFILE NAME: " . $log->getLogFile() . "<br>";
+print "LOGFILE ID: " . $log->getLogFileId() . "<br>";
+
+print "Lookup Regex: <pre>" . ConvertPlaceholder::REGEX_LOOKUP_PLACEHOLDERS . "</pre>";
+print "Replace Named Regex: <pre>" . ConvertPlaceholder::REGEX_REPLACE_NAMED . "</pre>";
+print "Replace Named Regex: <pre>" . ConvertPlaceholder::REGEX_REPLACE_QUESTION_MARK . "</pre>";
+print "Replace Named Regex: <pre>" . ConvertPlaceholder::REGEX_REPLACE_NUMBERED . "</pre>";
+
+$uniqid = \CoreLibs\Create\Uids::uniqIdShort();
+// $binary_data = $db->dbEscapeBytea(file_get_contents('class_test.db.php') ?: '');
+// $binary_data = file_get_contents('class_test.db.php') ?: '';
+$binary_data = '';
+$params = [
+	$uniqid,
+	true,
+	'STRING A',
+	2,
+	2.5,
+	1,
+	date('H:m:s'),
+	date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+	json_encode(['a' => 'string', 'b' => 1, 'c' => 1.5, 'f' => true, 'g' => ['a', 1, 1.5]]),
+	null,
+	'{"a", "b"}',
+	'{1,2}',
+	'{"(array Text A, 5, 8.8)","(array Text B, 10, 15.2)"}',
+	'("Text", 4, 6.3)',
+	$binary_data
+];
+
+$query = <<<SQL
+INSERT INTO test_foo (
+	test, some_bool, string_a, number_a, number_a_numeric, smallint_a,
+	some_time, some_timestamp, json_string, null_var,
+	array_char_1, array_int_1,
+	array_composite,
+	composite_item,
+	some_binary
+) VALUES (
+	$1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6,
+	$7, $8, $9, $10,
+	$11, $12,
+	$13,
+	$14,
+	$15
+)
+RETURNING
+	test_foo_id,
+	test, some_bool, string_a, number_a, number_a_numeric, smallint_a,
+	some_time, some_timestamp, json_string, null_var,
+	array_char_1, array_int_1,
+	array_composite,
+	composite_item,
+	some_binary
+SQL;
+
+print "[ALL] Convert: "
+	. Support::printAr(ConvertPlaceholder::convertPlaceholderInQuery($query, $params))
+	. "<br>";
+echo "<hr>";
+
+$query = "SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = :baz AND buz = :baz AND biz = :biz AND boz = :bez";
+$params = [':baz' => 'SETBAZ', ':bez' => 'SETBEZ', ':biz' => 'SETBIZ'];
+print "[NO PARAMS] Convert: "
+	. Support::printAr(ConvertPlaceholder::convertPlaceholderInQuery($query, $params))
+	. "<br>";
+echo "<hr>";
+
+$query = "SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = :baz AND buz = :baz AND biz = :biz AND boz = :bez";
+$params = null;
+print "[NO PARAMS] Convert: "
+	. Support::printAr(ConvertPlaceholder::convertPlaceholderInQuery($query, $params))
+	. "<br>";
+echo "<hr>";
+
+$query = "SELECT row_varchar FROM table_with_primary_key WHERE row_varchar <> :row_varchar";
+$params = null;
+print "[NO PARAMS] Convert: "
+	. Support::printAr(ConvertPlaceholder::convertPlaceholderInQuery($query, $params))
+	. "<br>";
+echo "<hr>";
+
+$query = "SELECT row_varchar, row_varchar_literal, row_int, row_date FROM table_with_primary_key";
+$params = null;
+print "[NO PARAMS] TEST: "
+	. Support::printAr(ConvertPlaceholder::convertPlaceholderInQuery($query, $params))
+	. "<br>";
+echo "<hr>";
+
+print "[P-CONV]: "
+	. Support::printAr(
+		ConvertPlaceholder::updateParamList([
+			'original' => [
+				'query' => 'SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = :baz AND buz = :biz AND biz = :biz AND boz = :bez',
+				'params' => [':baz' => 'SETBAZ', ':bez' => 'SETBEZ', ':biz' => 'SETBIZ'],
+				'empty_params' => false,
+			],
+			'type' => 'named',
+			'found' => 3,
+			// 'matches' => [
+			// 	':baz'
+			// ],
+			// 'params_lookup' => [
+			// 	':baz' => '$1'
+			// ],
+			// 'query' => "SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = $1",
+			// 'parms' => [
+			// 	'SETBAZ'
+			// ],
+		])
+	);
+
+echo "<hr>";
+
+// test connectors: = , <> () for query detection
+
+// convert placeholder tests
+// ? -> $n
+// :name -> $n
+
+// other way around (just visual)
+$test_queries = [
+	'skip' => [
+		'query' => <<<SQL
+SELECT test, string_a, number_a
+FROM test_foo
+SQL,
+		'params' => [],
+		'direction' => 'pg',
+	],
+	'numbers' => [
+		'query' => <<<SQL
+SELECT test, string_a, number_a
+FROM test_foo
+WHERE
+	foo = $1 AND bar = $1 AND foobar = $2
+SQL,
+		'params' => [\CoreLibs\Create\Uids::uniqIdShort(), 'string A-1', 1234],
+		'direction' => 'pdo',
+	],
+	'a?' => [
+		'query' => <<<SQL
+INSERT INTO test_foo (
+	test, string_a, number_a
+) VALUES (
+	?, ?, ?
+)
+SQL,
+		'params' => [\CoreLibs\Create\Uids::uniqIdShort(), 'string A-1', 1234],
+		'direction' => 'pg',
+	],
+	'b:' => [
+		'query' => <<<SQL
+INSERT INTO test_foo (
+	test, string_a, number_a
+) VALUES (
+	:test, :string_a, :number_a
+)
+SQL,
+		'params' => [
+			':test' => \CoreLibs\Create\Uids::uniqIdShort(),
+			':string_a' => 'string B-1',
+			':number_a' => 5678
+		],
+		'direction' => 'pg',
+	],
+	'select, compare $' => [
+		'query' => <<<SQL
+		SELECT row_varchar
+		FROM table_with_primary_key
+		WHERE
+			row_int >= $1 OR row_int <= $2 OR
+			row_int > $3 OR row_int < $4
+			OR row_int = $5 OR row_int <> $6
+		SQL,
+		'params' => null,
+		'direction' => 'pg'
+	]
+];
+
+
+foreach ($test_queries as $info => $data) {
+	$query = $data['query'];
+	$params = $data['params'];
+	$direction = $data['direction'];
+	print "[$info] Convert: "
+		. Support::printAr(ConvertPlaceholder::convertPlaceholderInQuery($query, $params, $direction))
+		. "<br>";
+	echo "<hr>";
+}
+
+print "</body></html>";
+$log->debug('DEBUGEND', '==================================== [END]');
+
+// __END__
diff --git a/www/admin/class_test.db.dbReturn.php b/www/admin/class_test.db.dbReturn.php
index 6d9d141f..17166558 100644
--- a/www/admin/class_test.db.dbReturn.php
+++ b/www/admin/class_test.db.dbReturn.php
@@ -70,8 +70,7 @@ for ($i = 1; $i <= 6; $i++) {
 	print $i . ") " . $cache_flag . ": "
 		. "res: " . (is_bool($res) ?
 			"<b>Bool:</b> " . Support::prBl($res) :
-			(is_array($res) ?
-				"Array: " . Support::prBl(is_array($res)) : '{-}')
+			"Array: Yes"
 		) . ", "
 		. "cursor_ext: <pre>" . Support::printAr(
 			SetVarType::setArray($db->dbGetCursorExt($q_db_ret))
@@ -89,8 +88,7 @@ for ($i = 1; $i <= 6; $i++) {
 	print $i . ") " . $cache_flag . ": "
 		. "res: " . (is_bool($res) ?
 			"<b>Bool:</b> " . Support::prBl($res) :
-			(is_array($res) ?
-				"Array: " . Support::prBl(is_array($res)) : '{-}')
+			"Array: Yes"
 		) . ", "
 		. "cursor_ext: <pre>" . Support::printAr(
 			SetVarType::setArray($db->dbGetCursorExt($q_db_ret))
@@ -108,8 +106,7 @@ for ($i = 1; $i <= 6; $i++) {
 	print $i . ") " . $cache_flag . ": "
 		. "res: " . (is_bool($res) ?
 			"<b>Bool:</b> " . Support::prBl($res) :
-			(is_array($res) ?
-				"Array: " . Support::prBl(is_array($res)) : '{-}')
+			"Array: Yes"
 		) . ", "
 		. "cursor_ext: <pre>" . Support::printAr(
 			SetVarType::setArray($db->dbGetCursorExt($q_db_ret))
@@ -127,8 +124,7 @@ for ($i = 1; $i <= 6; $i++) {
 	print $i . ") " . $cache_flag . ": "
 		. "res: " . (is_bool($res) ?
 			"<b>Bool:</b> " . Support::prBl($res) :
-			(is_array($res) ?
-				"Array: " . Support::prBl(is_array($res)) : '{-}')
+			"Array: Yes"
 		) . ", "
 		. "cursor_ext: <pre>" . Support::printAr(
 			SetVarType::setArray($db->dbGetCursorExt($q_db_ret))
@@ -146,8 +142,7 @@ for ($i = 1; $i <= 6; $i++) {
 	print $i . ") " . $cache_flag . ": "
 		. "res: " . (is_bool($res) ?
 			"<b>Bool:</b> " . Support::prBl($res) :
-			(is_array($res) ?
-				"Array: " . Support::prBl(is_array($res)) : '{-}')
+			"Array: Yes"
 		) . ", "
 		. "cursor_ext: <pre>" . Support::printAr(
 			SetVarType::setArray($db->dbGetCursorExt($q_db_ret))
diff --git a/www/admin/class_test.db.php b/www/admin/class_test.db.php
index 31afe4a7..158c0fff 100644
--- a/www/admin/class_test.db.php
+++ b/www/admin/class_test.db.php
@@ -316,7 +316,8 @@ print "EOM STRING EXEC RETURN TEST: " . print_r(
 	$db->dbReturnRowParams(
 		$query_select,
 		[$__last_insert_id]
-	)
+	),
+	true
 ) . "<br>";
 // B
 $status = $db->dbExecParams(
@@ -345,7 +346,8 @@ print "EOM STRING EXEC RETURN TEST: " . print_r(
 	$db->dbReturnRowParams(
 		$query_select,
 		[$__last_insert_id]
-	)
+	),
+	true
 ) . "<br>";
 // params > 10 for debug
 // error catcher
@@ -674,7 +676,7 @@ echo "<hr>";
 
 print "COMPOSITE ELEMENT READ<br>";
 $res = $db->dbReturnRow("SELECT item, count, (item).name, (item).price, (item).supplier_id FROM on_hand");
-print "ROW: <pre>" . print_r($res) . "</pre>";
+print "ROW: <pre>" . print_r($res, true) . "</pre>";
 var_dump($res);
 print "Field Name/Types: <pre>" . print_r($db->dbGetFieldNameTypes(), true) . "</pre>";
 echo "<hr>";
diff --git a/www/admin/class_test.php b/www/admin/class_test.php
index a5032e9a..a6355cec 100644
--- a/www/admin/class_test.php
+++ b/www/admin/class_test.php
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ $test_files = [
 	'class_test.db.query-placeholder.php' => 'Class Test: DB query placeholder convert',
 	'class_test.db.dbReturn.php' => 'Class Test: DB dbReturn',
 	'class_test.db.single.php' => 'Class Test: DB single query tests',
+	'class_test.db.convert-placeholder.php' => 'Class Test: DB convert placeholder',
 	'class_test.convert.colors.php' => 'Class Test: CONVERT COLORS',
 	'class_test.check.colors.php' => 'Class Test: CHECK COLORS',
 	'class_test.mime.php' => 'Class Test: MIME',
