Math: add epsilon compare for float, update Color Coordinate calls

Math has a compare with epsilon for float numbers.

Use this for fixing sligth color conversion issues.

NOTE: this might need some adjustment over time

All phpunint tests written and checked

4dev/tests/Convert/CoreLibsConvertColorTest.php

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 {
 	// 12 precision allowed, RGB and back has a lot of float imprecisions here
 	private const DELTA = 0.000000000001;
+	// rgb to oklab and back will have slight shift
+	private const DELTA_OKLAB = 1.05;
 
 	// sRGB base convert test, should round around and come out the same
 	// use for RGB 0, 0, 0 in 60 steps and then max 255
@@ -32,10 +34,12 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 		);
 	}
 
+	// MARK: single test
+
 	public function testSingle()
 	{
 		$this->assertTrue(true, 'Single test');
-	// 	$rgb = Color\Coordinates\RGB::__constructFromArray([0, 0, 60]);
+	// 	$rgb = new Color\Coordinates\RGB([0, 0, 60]);
 	// 	print "IN: " . print_r($rgb, true) . "\n";
 	// 	$hsl = Color\Color::rgbToHsl($rgb);
 	// 	print "to HSL: " . print_r($hsl, true) . "\n";
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 	// 	$rgb_r = Color\Color::hslToRgb($hsl_r);
 	// 	print "R to RGB: " . print_r($rgb_r, true) . "\n";
 
-		// $hsl = Color\Coordinates\HSL::__constructFromArray([0, 0, 0]);
+		// $hsl = new Color\Coordinates\HSL([0, 0, 0]);
 		// print "IN HSL: " . print_r($hsl, true) . "\n";
 		// $hsb = Color\Color::hslToHsb($hsl);
 		// print "to HSB: " . print_r($hsb, true) . "\n";
@@ -63,7 +67,7 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 		// $hsl_r = Color\Color::hsbToHsl($hsb_r);
 		// print "R to HSL: " . print_r($hsl_r, true) . "\n";
 		// print "--------\n";
-		// $hsb = Color\Coordinates\HSB::__constructFromArray([0, 20, 0]);
+		// $hsb = new Color\Coordinates\HSB([0, 20, 0]);
 		// print "IN HSB: " . print_r($hsb, true) . "\n";
 		// $hsl = Color\Color::hsbToHsl($hsb);
 		// print "to HSL: " . print_r($hsl, true) . "\n";
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 		// $hsb_r = Color\Color::hslToHsb($hsl_r);
 		// print "R to HSL: " . print_r($hsb_r, true) . "\n";
 		// print "--------\n";
-		// $hwb = Color\Coordinates\HWB::__constructFromArray([0, 20, 100]);
+		// $hwb = new Color\Coordinates\HWB([0, 20, 100]);
 		// print "IN: " . print_r($hwb, true) . "\n";
 		// $hsl = Color\Color::hwbToHsl($hwb);
 		// print "to HSL: " . print_r($hsl, true) . "\n";
@@ -87,6 +91,8 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 		// print "HSL to HWB: " . print_r($hwb_r, true) . "\n";
 	}
 
+	// MARK: RGB base
+
 	/**
 	 * From/To RGB <-> ... conversion tests
 	 *
@@ -116,7 +122,7 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 						$b = 255;
 					}
 					// base is always the same
-					$color = Color\Coordinates\RGB::__constructFromArray([$r, $g, $b]);
+					$color = new Color\Coordinates\RGB([$r, $g, $b]);
 					$base = 'rgb';
 					foreach (['hsb', 'hsl', 'hwb'] as $coord) {
 						// print "COORD: " . $coord . ", RGB: " . print_r($color->returnAsArray(), true) . "\n";
@@ -145,6 +151,8 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 	// HSB: saturation or brightness 0
 	// HWB: blackness >= 80 and whitness >= 20 or B>=20 & W>=20 or B>=50 & W>=50
 
+	// MARK: HSL base
+
 	/**
 	 * Undocumented function
 	 *
@@ -165,7 +173,7 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 					if (($L == 0 or $L == 100)) {
 						continue;
 					}
-					$color = Color\Coordinates\HSL::__constructFromArray([$H, $S, $L]);
+					$color = new Color\Coordinates\HSL([$H, $S, $L]);
 					$base = 'hsl';
 					foreach (['hsb', 'hwb', 'rgb'] as $coord) {
 						// for rgb hue on S = 0 is irrelevant (B/W)
@@ -190,6 +198,8 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 		}
 	}
 
+	// MARK: HSB
+
 	/**
 	 * Undocumented function
 	 *
@@ -210,7 +220,7 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 					if ($S == 0 or $B == 0) {
 						continue;
 					}
-					$color = Color\Coordinates\HSB::__constructFromArray([$H, $S, $B]);
+					$color = new Color\Coordinates\HSB([$H, $S, $B]);
 					$base = 'hsb';
 					foreach (['hwb', 'hsl', 'rgb'] as $coord) {
 						$target = $base . 'To' . ucfirst($coord);
@@ -231,6 +241,7 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 		}
 	}
 
+	// MARK: HWB
 
 	/**
 	 * Undocumented function
@@ -258,7 +269,7 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 						continue;
 					}
 					$base = 'hwb';
-					$color = Color\Coordinates\HWB::__constructFromArray([$H, $W, $B]);
+					$color = new Color\Coordinates\HWB([$H, $W, $B]);
 					foreach (['hsl', 'hsb', 'rgb'] as $coord) {
 						// for rgb hue on S = 0 is irrelevant (B/W)
 						if ($H > 0 && $coord == 'rgb') {
@@ -282,12 +293,13 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 		}
 	}
 
+	// MARK: RGB to hex
+
 	/**
 	 * Undocumented function
 	 *
-	 * covers ::returnAsHex()
+	 * @covers ::returnAsHex()
-	 * covers ::__constructFromHexString()
+	 * @testdox Convert from and to RGB via hex
-	 * @testdox Convert from RGB to hex and back
 	 *
 	 * @return void
 	 */
@@ -308,10 +320,10 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 					}
 					// with or without prefix
 					foreach ([true, false] as $hex_prefix) {
-						$hex_color = Color\Coordinates\RGB::__constructFromArray([$r, $g, $b])
+						$hex_color = (new Color\Coordinates\RGB([$r, $g, $b]))
 							->returnAsHex($hex_prefix);
 						// parse into hex to rgb and see if we get the same r/g/b
-						$color = Color\Coordinates\RGB::__constructFromHexString($hex_color)->returnAsArray();
+						$color = (new Color\Coordinates\RGB($hex_color))->returnAsArray();
 						//
 						$this->assertEquals(
 							[$r, $g, $b],
@@ -325,20 +337,849 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertColorTest extends TestCase
 		}
 	}
 
-	// oklab
+	// MARK: RGB Linear
 
-	// cie lab
+	/**
-
+	 * linear RGB conversion tests
-	// create exceptions for all color spaces
+	 *
-
+	 * @covers ::fromLinear
-	public function testExceptionHSB(): void
+	 * @covers ::toLinear
+	 * @testdox Convert from and to RGB linear conversion check
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testRgbFromToLinear()
 	{
+		$rgb = (new Color\Coordinates\RGB([10, 20, 30]))->toLinear();
+		$this->assertEquals(
+			true,
+			$rgb->linear,
+			'On create flagged linear missing'
+		);
+		$rgb_color = $rgb->returnAsArray();
+		$rgb->toLinear();
+		$this->assertEquals(
+			$rgb_color,
+			$rgb->returnAsArray(),
+			'Double linear call does double linear encoding'
+		);
+		$rgb->fromLinear();
+		$this->assertEquals(
+			false,
+			$rgb->linear,
+			'On reverse linear, flag is missing'
+		);
+		$rgb_color = $rgb->returnAsArray();
+		$this->assertEquals(
+			$rgb_color,
+			$rgb->returnAsArray(),
+			'Double linear inverse call does double linear decoding'
+		);
+		$rgb = new Color\Coordinates\RGB([20, 30, 40]);
+		$rgb_color = $rgb->returnAsArray();
+		$this->assertEquals(
+			false,
+			$rgb->linear,
+			'On create without linear flag is linear'
+		);
+		$rgb->toLinear();
+		$this->assertEquals(
+			true,
+			$rgb->linear,
+			'On linear call flag is not linear'
+		);
+		$rgb->fromLinear();
+		$this->assertEquals(
+			$rgb_color,
+			$rgb->returnAsArray(),
+			'conversion to and from linear not matching'
+		);
+	}
+
+	// MARK: okLab
+
+	/**
+	 * From/To RGB <-> OkLab / OkLch
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::rgbToOkLab
+	 * @covers ::rgbToOkLch
+	 * @covers ::okLabToRgb
+	 * @covers ::okLchToRgb
+	 * @testdox Convert from and to RGB to OkLab / OkLch
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testRgbColorCoordinateConvertToAndBackBackOkLab()
+	{
+		for ($r = 0; $r <= 300; $r += 60) {
+			for ($g = 0; $g <= 300; $g += 60) {
+				for ($b = 0; $b <= 300; $b += 60) {
+					// for this test we stay in the correct lane
+					if ($r > 255) {
+						$r = 255;
+					}
+					if ($g > 255) {
+						$g = 255;
+					}
+					if ($b > 255) {
+						$b = 255;
+					}
+					// base is always the same
+					$color = new Color\Coordinates\RGB([$r, $g, $b]);
+					$base = 'rgb';
+					foreach (['okLab', 'okLch'] as $coord) {
+						// print "COORD: " . $coord . ", RGB: " . print_r($color->returnAsArray(), true) . "\n";
+						// rgb to X and back must be same
+						$target = $base . 'To' . ucfirst($coord);
+						$source = $coord . 'To' . ucfirst($base);
+						$converted_color = Color\Color::$target($color);
+						$color_b = Color\Color::$source($converted_color);
+						// $converted_color = Color\Color::rgbToHsb($color);
+						// $rgb_b = Color\Color::hsbToRgb($converted_color);
+						$this->assertEqualsWithDelta(
+							$color->returnAsArray(),
+							$color_b->returnAsArray(),
+							self::DELTA_OKLAB,
+							'Convert ' . $base . ' to ' . $coord . ': ' . print_r($color->returnAsArray(), true) . '/'
+								. print_r($color_b->returnAsArray(), true)
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * internal oklab/oklch conversion
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::okLchToOkLab
+	 * @covers ::okLabToOkLch
+	 * @testdox Convert from and to OkLab / OkLch
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testOkLabOkLchColorCoordinateConvertToFrom()
+	{
+		for ($L = 0.0; $L <= 1.0; $L += 0.2) {
+			for ($C = 0.0; $C <= 0.5; $C += 0.1) {
+				for ($H = 0.0; $H <= 360.0; $H += 60.0) {
+					// chroma 0.0 is B/W skip it
+					if ($C == 0.0) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					$color = new Color\Coordinates\LCH([$L, $C, $H], 'OkLab');
+					$base = 'okLch';
+					foreach (['okLab'] as $coord) {
+						// rgb to X and back must be same
+						$target = $base . 'To' . ucfirst($coord);
+						$source = $coord . 'To' . ucfirst($base);
+						$converted_color = Color\Color::$target($color);
+						$color_b = Color\Color::$source($converted_color);
+						// $converted_color = Color\Color::rgbToHsb($color);
+						// $rgb_b = Color\Color::hsbToRgb($converted_color);
+						$this->assertEqualsWithDelta(
+							$color->returnAsArray(),
+							$color_b->returnAsArray(),
+							self::DELTA,
+							'Convert ' . $base . ' to ' . $coord . ': ' . print_r($color->returnAsArray(), true) . '/'
+								. print_r($color_b->returnAsArray(), true)
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// MARK: CIELab
+
+	/**
+	 * From/To RGB <-> Cie lab / Cie lch
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::rgbToLab
+	 * @covers ::rgbToLch
+	 * @covers ::labToRgb
+	 * @covers ::lchToRgb
+	 * @testdox Convert from and to RGB to Cie Lab / Cie Lch
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testRgbColorCoordinateConvertToAndBackBackCieLab()
+	{
+		for ($r = 0; $r <= 300; $r += 60) {
+			for ($g = 0; $g <= 300; $g += 60) {
+				for ($b = 0; $b <= 300; $b += 60) {
+					// for this test we stay in the correct lane
+					if ($r > 255) {
+						$r = 255;
+					}
+					if ($g > 255) {
+						$g = 255;
+					}
+					if ($b > 255) {
+						$b = 255;
+					}
+					// base is always the same
+					$color = new Color\Coordinates\RGB([$r, $g, $b]);
+					$base = 'rgb';
+					foreach (['lab', 'lch'] as $coord) {
+						// print "COORD: " . $coord . ", RGB: " . print_r($color->returnAsArray(), true) . "\n";
+						// rgb to X and back must be same
+						$target = $base . 'To' . ucfirst($coord);
+						$source = $coord . 'To' . ucfirst($base);
+						$converted_color = Color\Color::$target($color);
+						$color_b = Color\Color::$source($converted_color);
+						// $converted_color = Color\Color::rgbToHsb($color);
+						// $rgb_b = Color\Color::hsbToRgb($converted_color);
+						$this->assertEqualsWithDelta(
+							$color->returnAsArray(),
+							$color_b->returnAsArray(),
+							self::DELTA_OKLAB,
+							'Convert ' . $base . ' to ' . $coord . ': ' . print_r($color->returnAsArray(), true) . '/'
+								. print_r($color_b->returnAsArray(), true)
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * internal cie lab/cie lch conversion
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::lchToLab
+	 * @covers ::labToLch
+	 * @testdox Convert from and to Cie Lab / Cie Lch
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testLabLchColorCoordinateConvertToFrom()
+	{
+		for ($L = 0.0; $L <= 1.0; $L += 0.2) {
+			for ($C = 0.0; $C <= 0.5; $C += 0.1) {
+				for ($H = 0.0; $H <= 360.0; $H += 60.0) {
+					// chroma 0.0 is B/W skip it
+					if ($C == 0.0) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					$color = new Color\Coordinates\LCH([$L, $C, $H], 'OkLab');
+					$base = 'lch';
+					foreach (['lab'] as $coord) {
+						// rgb to X and back must be same
+						$target = $base . 'To' . ucfirst($coord);
+						$source = $coord . 'To' . ucfirst($base);
+						$converted_color = Color\Color::$target($color);
+						$color_b = Color\Color::$source($converted_color);
+						// $converted_color = Color\Color::rgbToHsb($color);
+						// $rgb_b = Color\Color::hsbToRgb($converted_color);
+						$this->assertEqualsWithDelta(
+							$color->returnAsArray(),
+							$color_b->returnAsArray(),
+							self::DELTA,
+							'Convert ' . $base . ' to ' . $coord . ': ' . print_r($color->returnAsArray(), true) . '/'
+								. print_r($color_b->returnAsArray(), true)
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// MARK: Exceptions
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function providerHueBased(): array
+	{
+		// all HSB/V HSL HWB have the same value range, create test data for all of them
+		return [
+			'H' => [
+				'color' => [900, 10, 10],
+				'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ for hue is not in the range of 0 to 360$/'
+			],
+			'H' => [
+				'color' => [-1, 10, 10], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ for hue is not in the range of 0 to 360$/',
+			],
+			'H close' => [
+				'color' => [360.1, 10, 10],
+				'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ for hue is not in the range of 0 to 360$/'
+			],
+			'H close' => [
+				'color' => [-0.1, 10, 10], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ for hue is not in the range of 0 to 360$/',
+			],
+			'S/W' => [
+				'color' => [90, 900, 10], 'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => 'is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+			],
+			'S/W' => [
+				'color' => [90, -1, 10], 'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => 'is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+			],
+			'S/W close' => [
+				'color' => [90, 100.1, 10], 'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => 'is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+			],
+			'S/W close' => [
+				'color' => [90, -0.1, 10], 'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => 'is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+			],
+			'L/B' => [
+				'color' => [90, 10, 900], 'error_code' => 3,
+				'error_string' => 'is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+			],
+			'L/B' => [
+				'color' => [90, 10, -1], 'error_code' => 3,
+				'error_string' => 'is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+			],
+			'L/B close' => [
+				'color' => [90, 10, 100.1], 'error_code' => 3,
+				'error_string' => 'is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+			],
+			'L/B close' => [
+				'color' => [90, 10, -0.1], 'error_code' => 3,
+				'error_string' => 'is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+			],
+		];
+	}
+
+	// MARK: HSB Exceptions
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @dataProvider providerHueBased
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for HSB for error $error_code [$_dataName]
+	 *
+	 * @param  array  $color
+	 * @param  int    $error_code
+	 * @param  string $error_string
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionHSB(array $color, int $error_code, string $error_string): void
+	{
+		// error string based on code
+		switch ($error_code) {
+			case 2:
+				$error_string = "/ for saturation $error_string$/";
+				break;
+			case 3:
+				$error_string = "/ for brightness $error_string$/";
+				break;
+		}
 		// for H/S/B exception the same
 		$this->expectException(\LengthException::class);
-		Color\Coordinates\HSB::__constructFromArray([900, 10, 10]);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode($error_code);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessageMatches($error_string);
+		new Color\Coordinates\HSB($color);
+	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for HSB general calls
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionHSBGeneral()
+	{
+		// allow
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\HSB([0, 0, 0], 'sRGB');
 		// invalid access to class
-		// $this->expectException(\ErrorException::class);
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\HSB([0, 0, 0]);
+		$this->expectException(\ErrorException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Creation of dynamic property is not allowed");
+		$b->g;
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Only array colors allowed");
+		new Color\Coordinates\HSB('string');
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Not allowed colorspace");
+		new Color\Coordinates\HSB([0, 0, 0], 'FOO_BAR');
+	}
+
+	// MARK: HSL Exceptions
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @dataProvider providerHueBased
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for HSL for error $error_code [$_dataName]
+	 *
+	 * @param  array  $color
+	 * @param  int    $error_code
+	 * @param  string $error_string
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionHSL(array $color, int $error_code, string $error_string): void
+	{
+		// error string based on code
+		switch ($error_code) {
+			case 2:
+				$error_string = "/ for saturation $error_string$/";
+				break;
+			case 3:
+				$error_string = "/ for lightness $error_string$/";
+				break;
+		}
+		// for H/S/B exception the same
+		$this->expectException(\LengthException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode($error_code);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessageMatches($error_string);
+		new Color\Coordinates\HSL($color);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for HSL general calls
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionHSLGeneral()
+	{
+		// allow
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\HSL([0, 0, 0], 'sRGB');
+		// invalid access to class
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\HSL([0, 0, 0]);
+		$this->expectException(\ErrorException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Creation of dynamic property is not allowed");
+		$b->g;
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Only array colors allowed");
+		new Color\Coordinates\HSL('string');
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Not allowed colorspace");
+		new Color\Coordinates\HSL([0, 0, 0], 'FOO_BAR');
+	}
+
+	// MARK: HWB Exceptions
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @dataProvider providerHueBased
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for HWB for error $error_code [$_dataName]
+	 *
+	 * @param  array  $color
+	 * @param  int    $error_code
+	 * @param  string $error_string
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionHWB(array $color, int $error_code, string $error_string): void
+	{
+		// error string based on code
+		switch ($error_code) {
+			case 2:
+				$error_string = "/ for whiteness $error_string$/";
+				break;
+			case 3:
+				$error_string = "/ for blackness $error_string$/";
+				break;
+		}
+		// for H/S/B exception the same
+		$this->expectException(\LengthException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode($error_code);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessageMatches($error_string);
+		new Color\Coordinates\HWB($color);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for HWB general calls
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionHWBGeneral()
+	{
+		// allow
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\HWB([0, 0, 0], 'sRGB');
+		// invalid access to class
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\HWB([0, 0, 0]);
+		$this->expectException(\ErrorException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Creation of dynamic property is not allowed");
+		$b->g;
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Only array colors allowed");
+		new Color\Coordinates\HWB('string');
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Not allowed colorspace");
+		new Color\Coordinates\HWB([0, 0, 0], 'FOO_BAR');
+	}
+
+	// MARK: RGB Exceptions
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function providerRgbBased(): array
+	{
+		// all HSB/V HSL HWB have the same value range, create test data for all of them
+		return [
+			'R' => [
+				'color' => [900, 10, 10],
+				'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 255$/',
+				'linear' => false,
+			],
+			'R' => [
+				'color' => [-1, 10, 10], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 255$/',
+				'linear' => false,
+			],
+			'G' => [
+				'color' => [90, 900, 10], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 255$/',
+				'linear' => false,
+			],
+			'G' => [
+				'color' => [90, -1, 10], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 255$/',
+				'linear' => false,
+			],
+			'B' => [
+				'color' => [90, 10, 900], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 255$/',
+				'linear' => false,
+			],
+			'B' => [
+				'color' => [90, 10, -1], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 255$/',
+				'linear' => false,
+			],
+			'R linear' => [
+				'color' => [2, 0.5, 0.5],
+				'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 1 for linear rgb$/',
+				'linear' => true,
+			],
+			'R linear' => [
+				'color' => [-1, 0.5, 0.5],
+				'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 1 for linear rgb$/',
+				'linear' => true,
+			],
+			'G linear' => [
+				'color' => [0.5, 2, 0.5],
+				'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 1 for linear rgb$/',
+				'linear' => true,
+			],
+			'G linear' => [
+				'color' => [0.5, -1, 0.5],
+				'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 1 for linear rgb$/',
+				'linear' => true,
+			],
+			'B linear' => [
+				'color' => [0.5, 0.5, 2],
+				'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 1 for linear rgb$/',
+				'linear' => true,
+			],
+			'B linear' => [
+				'color' => [0.5, 0.5, -1],
+				'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ is not in the range of 0 to 1 for linear rgb$/',
+				'linear' => true,
+			],
+		];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @dataProvider providerRgbBased
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for RGB for error $error_code [$_dataName]
+	 *
+	 * @param  string|array $color
+	 * @param  int          $error_code
+	 * @param  string       $error_string
+	 * @param  bool         $linear
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionRGB(string|array $color, int $error_code, string $error_string, bool $linear): void
+	{
+		// for RGB exception the same
+		$this->expectException(\LengthException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode($error_code);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessageMatches($error_string);
+		new Color\Coordinates\RGB($color, options: ["linear" => $linear]);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::__get
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for RGB general calls
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionRGBGeneral()
+	{
+		// allow
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\RGB([0, 0, 0], 'sRGB');
+		// invalid access to class
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\RGB([0, 0, 0]);
+		$this->expectException(\ErrorException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Creation of dynamic property is not allowed");
+		$b->h;
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Not allowed colorspace");
+		new Color\Coordinates\RGB([0, 0, 0], 'FOO_BAR');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::setFromHex
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for RGB setFromHex failues
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionRGBFromHex()
+	{
+		$color = '';
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(3);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage('hex_string argument cannot be empty');
+		new Color\Coordinates\RGB($color);
+
+		$color = 'zshj';
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(3);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage('hex_string argument cannot be empty');
+		new Color\Coordinates\RGB($color);
+
+		$color = 'aabff';
+		$this->expectException(\UnexpectedValueException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(4);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessageMatches('/^Invalid hex_string: /');
+		new Color\Coordinates\RGB($color);
+	}
+
+	// MARK: Lab Exceptions
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function providerLabBased(): array
+	{
+		// all HSB/V HSL HWB have the same value range, create test data for all of them
+		return [
+			'L CieLab' => [
+				'color' => [900, 10, 10], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ for lightness is not in the range of 0 to 100 for CIE Lab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'CIELab',
+			],
+			'L CieLab' => [
+				'color' => [-1, 10, 10], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ for lightness is not in the range of 0 to 100 for CIE Lab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'CIELab',
+			],
+			'L OkLab' => [
+				'color' => [900, 0.2, 0.2], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ for lightness is not in the range of 0.0 to 1.0 for OkLab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'OkLab',
+			],
+			'L OkLab' => [
+				'color' => [-1, 0.2, 0.2], 'error_code' => 1,
+				'error_string' => '/ for lightness is not in the range of 0.0 to 1.0 for OkLab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'OkLab',
+			],
+			'a CieLab' => [
+				'color' => [90, 900, 10], 'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ for a is not in the range of -125 to 125 for CIE Lab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'CIELab',
+			],
+			'a CieLab' => [
+				'color' => [90, -900, 10], 'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ for a is not in the range of -125 to 125 for CIE Lab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'CIELab',
+			],
+			'a OkLab' => [
+				'color' => [0.5, 900, 0.2], 'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ for a is not in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 for OkLab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'OkLab',
+			],
+			'a OkLab' => [
+				'color' => [0.6, -900, 0.2], 'error_code' => 2,
+				'error_string' => '/ for a is not in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 for OkLab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'OkLab',
+			],
+			'b CieLab' => [
+				'color' => [90, 10, 900], 'error_code' => 3,
+				'error_string' => '/ for b is not in the range of -125 to 125 for CIE Lab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'CIELab',
+			],
+			'b CieLab' => [
+				'color' => [90, 10, -999], 'error_code' => 3,
+				'error_string' => '/ for b is not in the range of -125 to 125 for CIE Lab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'CIELab',
+			],
+			'b OkLab' => [
+				'color' => [0.6, 0.2, 900], 'error_code' => 3,
+				'error_string' => '/ for b is not in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 for OkLab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'OkLab',
+			],
+			'b OkLab' => [
+				'color' => [0.6, 0.2, -999], 'error_code' => 3,
+				'error_string' => '/ for b is not in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 for OkLab$/',
+				'colorspace' => 'OkLab',
+			],
+		];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @dataProvider providerLabBased
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for Lab for error $error_code [$_dataName]
+	 *
+	 * @param  string|array $color
+	 * @param  int          $error_code
+	 * @param  string       $error_string
+	 * @param  string       $colorspace
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionLab(
+		string|array $color,
+		int $error_code,
+		string $error_string,
+		string $colorspace
+	): void {
+		// for RGB exception the same
+		$this->expectException(\LengthException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode($error_code);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessageMatches($error_string);
+		new Color\Coordinates\Lab($color, colorspace: $colorspace);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::__get
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for Lab general calls
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionLabGeneral()
+	{
+		// allow
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\Lab([0, 0, 0], 'OkLab');
+		// invalid access to class
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\Lab([0, 0, 0], 'CIELab');
+		$this->expectException(\ErrorException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Creation of dynamic property is not allowed");
+		$b->x;
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Only array colors allowed");
+		new Color\Coordinates\Lab('string', 'CIELab');
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Not allowed colorspace");
+		new Color\Coordinates\Lab([0, 0, 0], 'FOO_BAR');
+	}
+
+	// MARK: LCH Exceptions
+
+	// public function testExceptionLch(string|array $color, int $error_code, string $error_string): void
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::__get
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for LCH general calls
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionLchGeneral()
+	{
+		// allow
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\LCH([0, 0, 0], 'OkLab');
+		// invalid access to class
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\LCH([0, 0, 0], 'CIELab');
+		$this->expectException(\ErrorException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Creation of dynamic property is not allowed");
+		$b->x;
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Only array colors allowed");
+		new Color\Coordinates\LCH('string', 'CIELab');
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Not allowed colorspace");
+		new Color\Coordinates\LCH([0, 0, 0], 'FOO_BAR');
+	}
+
+	// MARK: XYZ Exceptions
+
+	// Note, we do not check for value exceptions here
+	// public function testExceptionXyz(string|array $color, int $error_code, string $error_string): void
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::__get
+	 * @testdox Exception handling for XYZ general calls
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testExceptionXyzGeneral()
+	{
+		// allow
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\XYZ([0, 0, 0], 'CIEXYZ');
+		// invalid access to class
+		$b = new Color\Coordinates\XYZ([0, 0, 0]);
+		$this->expectException(\ErrorException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Creation of dynamic property is not allowed");
+		$b->x;
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Only array colors allowed");
+		new Color\Coordinates\XYZ('string');
+
+		$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionCode(0);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("Not allowed colorspace");
+		new Color\Coordinates\XYZ([0, 0, 0], 'FOO_BAR');
 	}
 }
 

4dev/tests/Convert/CoreLibsConvertMathTest.php

@@ -142,7 +142,6 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertMathTest extends TestCase
 	 */
 	public function testCbrt(float|int $number, float|string $expected, int $round_to): void
 	{
-		print "OUT: " . \CoreLibs\Convert\Math::cbrt($number) . "\n";
 		$this->assertEquals(
 			$expected,
 			round(\CoreLibs\Convert\Math::cbrt($number), $round_to)
@@ -264,6 +263,130 @@ final class CoreLibsConvertMathTest extends TestCase
 			\CoreLibs\Convert\Math::multiplyMatrices($input_a, $input_b)
 		);
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function providerEqualWithEpsilon(): array
+	{
+		return [
+			'equal' => [
+				'a' => 0.000000000000000222,
+				'b' => 0.000000000000000222,
+				'epsilon' => PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON,
+				'equal' => true,
+			],
+			'almost equal' => [
+				'a' => 0.000000000000000222,
+				'b' => 0.000000000000000232,
+				'epsilon' => PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON,
+				'equal' => true,
+			],
+			'not equal' => [
+				'a' => 0.000000000000000222,
+				'b' => 0.000000000000004222,
+				'epsilon' => PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON,
+				'equal' => false,
+			],
+			'equal, different epsilon' => [
+				'a' => 0.000000000000000222,
+				'b' => 0.000000000000004222,
+				'epsilon' => 0.0001,
+				'equal' => true,
+			],
+			'not equal, different epsilon' => [
+				'a' => 0.0001,
+				'b' => 0.0002,
+				'epsilon' => 0.0001,
+				'equal' => false,
+			]
+		];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::equalWithEpsilon
+	 * @dataProvider providerEqualWithEpsilon
+	 * @testdox equalWithEpsilon with $a and $b and Epsilon: $epsilon must be equal: $equal [$_dataName]
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testEqualWithEpsilon(float $a, float $b, float $epsilon, bool $equal): void
+	{
+		$this->assertEquals(
+			$equal,
+			\CoreLibs\Convert\Math::equalWithEpsilon($a, $b, $epsilon)
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function providerCompareWithEpsilon(): array
+	{
+		return [
+			'smaller, true' => [
+				'value' => 0.0001,
+				'compare' => '<',
+				'limit' => 0.0002,
+				'epsilon' => 0.00001,
+				'match' => true,
+			],
+			'smaller, false' => [
+				'value' => 0.0001,
+				'compare' => '<',
+				'limit' => 0.0001,
+				'epsilon' => 0.00001,
+				'match' => false,
+			],
+			'bigger, true' => [
+				'value' => 0.0002,
+				'compare' => '>',
+				'limit' => 0.0001,
+				'epsilon' => 0.00001,
+				'match' => true,
+			],
+			'bigger, false' => [
+				'value' => 0.0001,
+				'compare' => '>',
+				'limit' => 0.0001,
+				'epsilon' => 0.00001,
+				'match' => false,
+			],
+		];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Undocumented function
+	 *
+	 * @covers ::compareWithEpsilon
+	 * @dataProvider providerCompareWithEpsilon
+	 * @testdox compareWithEpsilon $value $compare $limit with $epsilon must match: $match [$_dataName]
+	 *
+	 * @param  float  $value
+	 * @param  string $compare
+	 * @param  float  $limit
+	 * @param  float  $epslion
+	 * @param  bool   $match
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function testCompareWithEpsilon(
+		float $value,
+		string $compare,
+		float $limit,
+		float $epsilon,
+		bool $match
+	): void {
+		$this->assertEquals(
+			$match,
+			\CoreLibs\Convert\Math::compareWithEpsilon($value, $compare, $limit, $epsilon)
+		);
+	}
 }
 
 // __END__

www/admin/class_test.convert.colors.php

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ print '<div><h1>' . $PAGE_NAME . '</h1></div>';
 
 // define a list of from to color sets for conversion test
 
-$hwb = Color::hsbToHwb(Coordinates\HSB::__constructFromArray([
+$hwb = Color::hsbToHwb(new Coordinates\HSB([
 	160,
 	0,
 	50,
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ print "HWB: " . DgS::printAr($hwb) . "<br>";
 $hsb = Color::hwbToHsb($hwb);
 print "HSB: " . DgS::printAr($hsb) . "<br>";
 
-$oklch = Color::rgbToOkLch(Coordinates\RGB::__constructFromArray([
+$oklch = Color::rgbToOkLch(Coordinates\RGB::create([
 	250,
 	0,
 	0
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ print "OkLch: " . DgS::printAr($oklch) . "<br>";
 $rgb = Color::okLchToRgb($oklch);
 print "OkLch -> RGB: " . DgS::printAr($rgb) . "<br>";
 
-$oklab = Color::rgbToOkLab(Coordinates\RGB::__constructFromArray([
+$oklab = Color::rgbToOkLab(Coordinates\RGB::create([
 	250,
 	0,
 	0
@@ -101,24 +101,24 @@ $rgb = Color::okLabToRgb($oklab);
 print "OkLab -> RGB: " . DgS::printAr($rgb) . "<br>";
 print display($rgb->toCssString(), $rgb->toCssString(), 'OkLab to RGB');
 
-$rgb = Coordinates\RGB::__constructFromArray([250, 100, 10])->toLinear();
+$rgb = Coordinates\RGB::create([250, 100, 10])->toLinear();
 print "RGBlinear: " . DgS::printAr($rgb) . "<br>";
-$rgb = Coordinates\RGB::__constructFromArray([0, 0, 0])->toLinear();
+$rgb = Coordinates\RGB::create([0, 0, 0])->toLinear();
 print "RGBlinear: " . DgS::printAr($rgb) . "<br>";
 
 $cie_lab = Color::okLabToLab($oklab);
 print "CieLab: " . DgS::printAr($cie_lab) . "<br>";
 print display($cie_lab->toCssString(), $cie_lab->toCssString(), 'OkLab to Cie Lab');
 
-$rgb = Coordinates\RGB::__constructFromArray([0, 0, 60]);
+$rgb = Coordinates\RGB::create([0, 0, 60]);
 $hsb = Color::rgbToHsb($rgb);
 $rgb_b = Color::hsbToRgb($hsb);
 print "RGB: " . DgS::printAr($rgb) . "<br>";
 print "RGB->HSB: " . DgS::printAr($hsb) . "<br>";
 print "HSB->RGB: " . DgS::printAr($rgb_b) . "<br>";
 
-$hsl = Coordinates\HSL::__constructFromArray([0, 20, 0]);
+$hsl = Coordinates\HSL::create([0, 20, 0]);
-$hsb = Coordinates\HSB::__constructFromArray([0, 20, 0]);
+$hsb = Coordinates\HSB::create([0, 20, 0]);
 $hsl_from_hsb = Color::hsbToHsl($hsb);
 print "HSL from HSB: " . DgS::printAr($hsl_from_hsb) . "<br>";
 

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/CieXyz.php

@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class CieXyz
 	{
 		// if not linear, convert to linear
 		if (!$rgb->linear) {
-			$rgb->toLinear();
+			$rgb = (new RGB($rgb->returnAsArray()))->toLinear();
 		}
 		return new XYZ(Math::multiplyMatrices(
 			[

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Color.php

@@ -766,11 +766,6 @@ class Color
 	public static function rgbToLab(RGB $rgb): Lab
 	{
 		return CieXyz::rgbViaXyzD65ViaXyzD50ToLab($rgb);
-		/* return CieXyz::xyzD50ToLab(
-			CieXyz::xyzD65ToXyzD50(
-				CieXyz::linRgbToXyzD65($rgb)
-			)
-		); */
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -783,11 +778,6 @@ class Color
 	public static function labToRgb(Lab $lab): RGB
 	{
 		return CieXyz::labViaXyzD50ViaXyzD65ToRgb($lab);
-		/* return CieXyz::xyzD65ToLinRgb(
-			CieXyz::xyzD50ToXyxD65(
-				CieXyz::labToXyzD50($lab)
-			)
-		)->fromLinear(); */
 	}
 
 	// MARK: RGB <-> Lch (Cie)

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Coordinates/HSB.php

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Coordinates;
 
+use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Utils;
+
 class HSB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 {
 	/** @var array<string> allowed colorspaces */
@@ -83,10 +85,11 @@ class HSB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 		}
 		switch ($name) {
 			case 'H':
-				if ((int)$value == 360) {
+				if ($value == 360.0) {
 					$value = 0;
 				}
-				if ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 360) {
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 360) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 360.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
 						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for hue is not in the range of 0 to 360',
 						1
@@ -94,7 +97,8 @@ class HSB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 				}
 				break;
 			case 'S':
-				if ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 100) {
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 100) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 100.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
 						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for saturation is not in the range of 0 to 100',
 						2
@@ -102,7 +106,8 @@ class HSB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 				}
 				break;
 			case 'B':
-				if ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 100) {
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 100) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 100.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
 						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for brightness is not in the range of 0 to 100',
 						3

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Coordinates/HSL.php

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Coordinates;
 
-use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Stringify;
+use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Utils;
 
 class HSL implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 {
@@ -84,10 +84,11 @@ class HSL implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 		}
 		switch ($name) {
 			case 'H':
-				if ((int)$value == 360) {
+				if ($value == 360.0) {
 					$value = 0;
 				}
-				if ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 360) {
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 360) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 360.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
 						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for hue is not in the range of 0 to 360',
 						1
@@ -95,7 +96,8 @@ class HSL implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 				}
 				break;
 			case 'S':
-				if ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 100) {
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 100) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 100.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
 						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for saturation is not in the range of 0 to 100',
 						2
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@ class HSL implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 				}
 				break;
 			case 'L':
-				if ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 100) {
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 100) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 100.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
 						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of 0 to 100',
 						3
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ class HSL implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 			. $this->S
 			. ' '
 			. $this->L
-			. Stringify::setOpacity($opacity)
+			. Utils::setOpacity($opacity)
 			. ')';
 		return $string;
 	}

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Coordinates/HWB.php

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Coordinates;
 
-use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Stringify;
+use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Utils;
 
 class HWB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 {
@@ -84,10 +84,11 @@ class HWB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 		}
 		switch ($name) {
 			case 'H':
-				if ((int)$value == 360) {
+				if ($value == 360.0) {
 					$value = 0;
 				}
-				if ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 360) {
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 360) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 360.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
 						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for hue is not in the range of 0 to 360',
 						1
@@ -95,7 +96,8 @@ class HWB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 				}
 				break;
 			case 'W':
-				if ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 100) {
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 100) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 100.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
 						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for whiteness is not in the range of 0 to 100',
 						2
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@ class HWB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 				}
 				break;
 			case 'B':
-				if ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 100) {
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 100) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 100.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
 						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for blackness is not in the range of 0 to 100',
 						3
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ class HWB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 			. $this->W
 			. ' '
 			. $this->B
-			. Stringify::setOpacity($opacity)
+			. Utils::setOpacity($opacity)
 			. ')';
 		return $string;
 	}

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Coordinates/LCH.php

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Coordinates;
 
-use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Stringify;
+use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Utils;
 
 class LCH implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 {
@@ -94,43 +94,43 @@ class LCH implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 			throw new \ErrorException('Creation of dynamic property is not allowed', 0);
 		}
 		switch ($name) {
-			// case 'L':
+			case 'L':
-			// 	if ($this->colorspace == 'cie' && ($value < 0 || $value > 100)) {
+				// if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && ($value < 0 || $value > 100)) {
-			// 		throw new \LengthException(
+				if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 100.0, Utils::ESPILON_BIG)) {
-			// 			'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of '
-			// 				. '0 to 100',
-			// 			3
-			// 		);
-			// 	} elseif ($this->colorspace == 'ok' && ($value < 0 || $value > 1)) {
-			// 		throw new \LengthException(
-			// 			'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of '
-			// 				. '0 to 1',
-			// 			3
-			// 		);
-			// 	}
-			// 	break;
-			// case 'c':
-			// 	if ($this->colorspace == 'cie' && ($value < 0 || $value > 230)) {
-			// 		throw new \LengthException(
-			// 			'Argument value ' . $value . ' for chroma is not in the range of '
-			// 				. '0 to 230 with normal upper limit of 150',
-			// 			3
-			// 		);
-			// 	} elseif ($this->colorspace == 'ok' && ($value < 0 || $value > 0.5)) {
-			// 		throw new \LengthException(
-			// 			'Argument value ' . $value . ' for chroma is not in the range of '
-			// 				. '0 to 0.5 with normal upper limit of 0.5',
-			// 			3
-			// 		);
-			// 	}
-			// 	break;
-			case 'h':
-				if ($value == 360) {
-					$value = 0;
-				}
-				if ($value < 0 || $value > 360) {
 					throw new \LengthException(
-						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of 0 to 360',
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of 0 to 100 for CIE Lab',
+						1
+					);
+				// } elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && ($value < 0 || $value > 1)) {
+				} elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 1.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
+					throw new \LengthException(
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of 0.0 to 1.0 for OkLab',
+						1
+					);
+				}
+				break;
+			case 'C':
+				// if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && ($value < 0 || $value > 230)) {
+				if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 230.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
+					throw new \LengthException(
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for chroma is not in the range of '
+							. '0 to 150 and a maximum of 230 for CIE Lab',
+						1
+					);
+				// } elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && ($value < 0 || $value > 0.55)) {
+				} elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 0.55, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
+					throw new \LengthException(
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of '
+							. '0.0 to 0.4 and a maximum of 0.5 for OkLab',
+						1
+					);
+				}
+				break;
+			case 'H':
+				// if ($value < 0 || $value > 360) {
+				if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 360.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
+					throw new \LengthException(
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for hue is not in the range of 0.0 to 360.0',
 						1
 					);
 				}
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class LCH implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 			. $this->c
 			. ' '
 			. $this->h
-			. Stringify::setOpacity($opacity)
+			. Utils::setOpacity($opacity)
 			. ');';
 
 		return $string;

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Coordinates/Lab.php

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Coordinates;
 
-use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Stringify;
+use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Utils;
 
 class Lab implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 {
@@ -95,35 +95,53 @@ class Lab implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 		if (!property_exists($this, $name)) {
 			throw new \ErrorException('Creation of dynamic property is not allowed', 0);
 		}
-		// switch ($name) {
+		switch ($name) {
-		// 	case 'L':
+			case 'L':
-		// 		if ($value == 360) {
+				// if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && ($value < 0 || $value > 100)) {
-		// 			$value = 0;
+				if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 100.0, Utils::ESPILON_BIG)) {
-		// 		}
+					throw new \LengthException(
-		// 		if ($value < 0 || $value > 360) {
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of 0 to 100 for CIE Lab',
-		// 			throw new \LengthException(
+						1
-		// 				'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of 0 to 360',
+					);
-		// 				1
+				// } elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && ($value < 0 || $value > 1)) {
-		// 			);
+				} elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 1.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
-		// 		}
+					throw new \LengthException(
-		// 		break;
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for lightness is not in the range of 0.0 to 1.0 for OkLab',
-		// 	case 'a':
+						1
-		// 		if ($value < 0 || $value > 100) {
+					);
-		// 			throw new \LengthException(
+				}
-		// 				'Argument value ' . $value . ' for a is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+				break;
-		// 				2
+			case 'a':
-		// 			);
+				// if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && ($value < -125 || $value > 125)) {
-		// 		}
+				if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && Utils::compare(-125.0, $value, 125.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
-		// 		break;
+					throw new \LengthException(
-		// 	case 'b':
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for a is not in the range of -125 to 125 for CIE Lab',
-		// 		if ($value < 0 || $value > 100) {
+						2
-		// 			throw new \LengthException(
+					);
-		// 				'Argument value ' . $value . ' for b is not in the range of 0 to 100',
+				// } elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && ($value < -0.55 || $value > 0.55)) {
-		// 				3
+				} elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && Utils::compare(-0.55, $value, 0.55, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
-		// 			);
+					throw new \LengthException(
-		// 		}
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for a is not in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 for OkLab',
-		// 		break;
+						2
-		// }
+					);
+				}
+				break;
+			case 'b':
+				// if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && ($value < -125 || $value > 125)) {
+				if ($this->colorspace == 'CIELab' && Utils::compare(-125.0, $value, 125.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
+					throw new \LengthException(
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for b is not in the range of -125 to 125 for CIE Lab',
+						3
+					);
+				// } elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && ($value < -0.55 || $value > 0.55)) {
+				} elseif ($this->colorspace == 'OkLab' && Utils::compare(-0.55, $value, 0.55, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL)) {
+					throw new \LengthException(
+						'Argument value ' . $value . ' for b is not in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 for OkLab',
+						3
+					);
+				}
+				break;
+		}
 		$this->$name = $value;
 	}
 
@@ -205,7 +223,7 @@ class Lab implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 			. $this->a
 			. ' '
 			. $this->b
-			. Stringify::setOpacity($opacity)
+			. Utils::setOpacity($opacity)
 			. ');';
 
 		return $string;

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Coordinates/RGB.php

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Coordinates;
 
-use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Stringify;
+use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Utils;
 
 class RGB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 {
@@ -94,8 +94,11 @@ class RGB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 		// if not linear
 		if (!$this->linear && ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 255)) {
 			throw new \LengthException('Argument value ' . $value . ' for color ' . $name
-				. ' is not in the range of 0 to 255', 1);
+			. ' is not in the range of 0 to 255', 1);
-		} elseif ($this->linear && ((int)$value < 0 || (int)$value > 1)) {
+		} elseif (
+			// $this->linear && ($value < 0.0 || $value > 1.0)
+			$this->linear && Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 1.0, 0.000001)
+		) {
 			throw new \LengthException('Argument value ' . $value . ' for color ' . $name
 				. ' is not in the range of 0 to 1 for linear rgb', 2);
 		}
@@ -244,6 +247,10 @@ class RGB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 	 */
 	public function toLinear(): self
 	{
+		// if linear, as is
+		if ($this->linear) {
+			return $this;
+		}
 		$this->flagLinear(true)->setFromArray(array_map(
 			callback: function (int|float $v) {
 				$v = (float)($v / 255);
@@ -268,6 +275,10 @@ class RGB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 	 */
 	public function fromLinear(): self
 	{
+		// if not linear, as is
+		if (!$this->linear) {
+			return $this;
+		}
 		$this->flagLinear(false)->setFromArray(array_map(
 			callback: function (int|float $v) {
 				$abs  = abs($v);
@@ -282,7 +293,6 @@ class RGB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 			},
 			array: $this->returnAsArray(),
 		));
-		// $this->linear = false;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -307,7 +317,7 @@ class RGB implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 			. (int)round($this->G, 0)
 			. ' '
 			. (int)round($this->B, 0)
-			. Stringify::setOpacity($opacity)
+			. Utils::setOpacity($opacity)
 			. ')';
 		if ($was_linear) {
 			$this->toLinear();

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Coordinates/XYZ.php

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Coordinates;
 
+// use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Utils;
+
 class XYZ implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 {
 	/** @var array<string> allowed colorspaces */
@@ -101,9 +103,11 @@ class XYZ implements Interface\CoordinatesInterface
 		if (!property_exists($this, $name)) {
 			throw new \ErrorException('Creation of dynamic property is not allowed', 0);
 		}
-		// if ($value < 0 || $value > 255) {
+		// TODO: setup XYZ value limits
+		// X: 0 to 95.047, Y: 0 to 100, Z: 0 to 108.88
+		// if (Utils::compare(0.0, $value, 100.0, Utils::EPSILON_SMALL))) {
 		// 	throw new \LengthException('Argument value ' . $value . ' for color ' . $name
-		// 		. ' is not in the range of 0 to 255', 1);
+		// 		. ' is not in the range of 0 to 100.0', 1);
 		// }
 		$this->$name = $value;
 	}

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Stringify.php

@@ -19,25 +19,6 @@ use CoreLibs\Convert\Color\Coordinates\LCH;
 
 class Stringify
 {
-	/**
-	 * Build the opactiy sub string part and return it
-	 *
-	 * @param  null|float|string|null $opacity
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function setOpacity(null|float|string $opacity = null): string
-	{
-		// set opacity, either a string or float
-		if (is_string($opacity)) {
-			$opacity = ' / ' . $opacity;
-		} elseif ($opacity !== null) {
-			$opacity = ' / ' . $opacity;
-		} else {
-			$opacity = '';
-		}
-		return $opacity;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * return the CSS string including optional opacity
 	 *

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Color/Utils.php

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * AUTHOR: Clemens Schwaighofer
+ * CREATED: 2024/11/14
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ * Utils for color
+*/
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace CoreLibs\Convert\Color;
+
+use CoreLibs\Convert\Math;
+
+class Utils
+{
+	/** @var int deviation allowed for valid data checks, small */
+	public const EPSILON_SMALL  = 0.000000000001;
+	/** @var int deviation allowed for valid data checks, medium */
+	public const EPSILON_MEDIUM = 0.0000001;
+	/** @var int deviation allowed for valid data checks, big */
+	public const ESPILON_BIG    = 0.0001;
+
+	public static function compare(float $lower, float $value, float $upper, float $epslion): bool
+	{
+		if (
+			Math::compareWithEpsilon($value, '<', $lower, $epslion) ||
+			Math::compareWithEpsilon($value, '>', $upper, $epslion)
+		) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Build the opactiy sub string part and return it
+	 *
+	 * @param  null|float|string|null $opacity
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function setOpacity(null|float|string $opacity = null): string
+	{
+		// set opacity, either a string or float
+		if (is_string($opacity)) {
+			$opacity = ' / ' . $opacity;
+		} elseif ($opacity !== null) {
+			$opacity = ' / ' . $opacity;
+		} else {
+			$opacity = '';
+		}
+		return $opacity;
+	}
+}
+
+// __END__

www/lib/CoreLibs/Convert/Math.php

@@ -68,6 +68,66 @@ class Math
 		return pow((float)$number, 1.0 / 3);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * use PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON to compare if two float numbers are matching
+	 *
+	 * @param  float $x
+	 * @param  float $y
+	 * @param  float $epsilon [default=PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON]
+	 * @return bool  True equal
+	 */
+	public static function equalWithEpsilon(float $x, float $y, float $epsilon = PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON): bool
+	{
+		if (abs($x - $y) < $epsilon) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Compare two value base on direction given
+	 * The default delta is PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON
+	 *
+	 * @param  float  $value
+	 * @param  string $compare
+	 * @param  float  $limit
+	 * @param  float  $epsilon [default=PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON]
+	 * @return bool   True on smaller/large or equal
+	 */
+	public static function compareWithEpsilon(
+		float $value,
+		string $compare,
+		float $limit,
+		float $epsilon = PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON
+	): bool {
+		switch ($compare) {
+			case '<':
+				if ($value < ($limit - $epsilon)) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				break;
+			case '<=':
+				if ($value <= ($limit - $epsilon)) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				break;
+			case '==':
+				return self::equalWithEpsilon($value, $limit, $epsilon);
+				break;
+			case '>':
+				if ($value > ($limit + $epsilon)) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				break;
+			case '>=':
+				if ($value >= ($limit + $epsilon)) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				break;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * This function is directly inspired by the multiplyMatrices() function in color.js
 	 * form Lea Verou and Chris Lilley.